in the case of afghanistan, the u.s. and others have struggled with infrastructure projects and others. the project will help put together years ago has probably been the most successful is the national solidarity program where you have local councils that make their own decisions, and they may have small sums of money, but they decide it is small-scale irrigation from school. this develops a sense of ownership. frankly come in some of those situations people would be willing to stand up and protect their community against those who might otherwise threaten a school or operation. i think this is a field where it also requires the bank to integrate more effectively with some of the u.n. players, regional players, and i think on the security side we're seeing the importance of regional security groups. so what i think -- what i find interesting is that i am finding that even at national defense university or others, these topics are very interesting to them. it reflects a problem that you see throughout development, which